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What is the wear resistance of stainless steel coils
source：www.sikali.com.cn | Release time：2025年07月22日1、 Core factors affecting the wear resistance of stainless steel coils
1. Alloy composition and hardness
The core of wear resistance is material hardness (the higher the hardness, the stronger the resistance to plastic deformation, and the slower the wear), and the hardness of stainless steel is mainly determined by alloy elements and heat treatment:
Chromium (Cr): It is the basis for the corrosion resistance of stainless steel, but has limited improvement in hardness.
Carbon (C): The higher the carbon content, the more hardening phases (such as martensite) can be formed through heat treatment (such as quenching), resulting in a significant increase in hardness. For example, 440C stainless steel (high carbon and high chromium) can achieve a hardness of HRC58-60 after quenching, and its wear resistance is close to that of ordinary tool steel; However, the hardness of 304 stainless steel (low-carbon) is only about HB150-180, and its wear resistance is relatively weak.
Other alloying elements: Adding molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V) and other elements can further improve hardness and wear resistance by refining grains or forming carbides (such as VC, MoC). For example, the hardness (HB290-320) of 2205 duplex stainless steel (containing Mo and Ni) is higher than that of 304, and its wear resistance is also better.
2. Microstructure
Austenitic stainless steel (such as 304, 316): It has an austenitic structure at room temperature, good plasticity, low hardness, and poor wear resistance. However, surface hardness (cold work hardening) can be increased through cold working (such as cold rolling), which can improve wear resistance to a certain extent.
Martensitic stainless steel (such as 410, 440C): After quenching and tempering, it forms a martensitic structure with high hardness, slightly greater brittleness, and much better wear resistance than austenitic stainless steel.
Ferritic stainless steel (such as 430): hardness between austenite and martensite, moderate wear resistance.
3. Surface condition
Surface roughness: Smooth surfaces (such as mirror polishing) can reduce friction coefficient and wear; Rough surfaces are prone to wear and tear due to the "bite" effect.
Surface treatment: Through processes such as plating (such as chrome plating), nitriding, and laser cladding, a hardened layer (with a hardness of HV1000 or higher) can be formed on the surface of stainless steel coils, greatly improving wear resistance (such as in food machinery, stainless steel coils with surface nitriding can withstand high-frequency friction).2、 Wear resistance performance in different scenarios
1. Comparison with ordinary steel
Low carbon steel (such as Q235) has a hardness of about HB130-150304, while stainless steel (HB150-180) has slightly better wear resistance, but the difference is not significant;
The wear resistance of high carbon steel (such as 45 steel, quenched HRC40-45) is better than that of 304, but lower than that of 440C stainless steel (HRC58-60).
2. Comparison with other wear-resistant materials
Superior to most non-ferrous metals (such as aluminum and copper alloys) and plastics, but far inferior to high chromium cast iron (hardness HRC60-65), high manganese steel (work hardened after impact), or ceramic materials (such as alumina ceramics). For example, in mining conveying equipment, the wear resistance of stainless steel coils is far inferior to that of high manganese steel liners.
3. "Advantage compensation" in corrosive environments
In humid and corrosive environments (such as beaches and chemical workshops), ordinary steel is prone to surface peeling and accelerated wear due to corrosion (rusting); Stainless steel coils have strong corrosion resistance and are not easily damaged on the surface, so their actual service life (comprehensive wear resistance+corrosion resistance) is often better than ordinary steel. For example, if the conveyor belt drum in coastal areas is made of 316 stainless steel coil, although its wear resistance is not as good as high carbon steel, it can avoid the vicious cycle of "corrosion wear" caused by corrosion, and overall it is more durable.
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